Factors Affecting the Adoption of Cryptocurrency


Authors

  • Nguyen Hoang Hai La Trobe University, Australia
  • Pham Thi Bich Ngoc
  • Pham Thanh Binh
  • Luu Ngoc Hiep VNU University of Economics and Business, Vietnam
DOI: https://doi.org/10.57110/vnujeb.v3i4.194

Abstract

This paper examines factors affecting the adoption of cryptocurrency across 158 countries worldwide. To this end, we collected cryptocurrency adoption data from Chainalysis’s reports and macroeconomic data from the World Development Indicators platform. We find that greater import volumes, larger population size, more sufficient levels of the labor force, higher unemployment rate, and a higher level of electricity access are associated with a greater level of cryptocurrency adoption. On the other hand, a higher level of government spending and a greater level of domestic savings are associated with a lower level of cryptocurrency adoption. In addition, we also find that the population size and level of the labor force have a negative impact on the three subcomponents of the cryptocurrency adoption index including (i) centralized service value received (CeFi); (ii) the volume of exchange trading (P2P); and (iii) the received DeFi value (DeFi). We find that while the import volumes and level of electricity access have an opposite relationship with the centralized service value received and the DeFi value received, GDP has a negative effect on the DeFi value received. Meanwhile, greater government spending and higher domestic savings are associated with a greater level of exchange trade volume P2P. In terms of urbanization, whereas it shows a positive impact on the exchange trade volume P2P, it has the opposite effect on the DeFi value received.

References

Almajali, D. A., Masa’Deh, R. E., & Dahalin, Z. M. (2022). Factors influencing the adoption of Cryptocurrency in Jordan: An application of the extended TRA model. Cogent Social Sciences, 8(1), 2103901.

Ammous, S. (2018). Can cryptocurrencies fulfill the functions of money? The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 70, 38-51. doi:10.1016/j.qref.2018.05.010

Arias-Oliva, M., Pelegrín-Borondo, J., & Matías-Clavero, G. (2019). Variables influencing cryptocurrency use: a technology acceptance model in Spain. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 475. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00475

Badea, L., & Mungiu-Pupӑzan, M. C. (2021). The economic and environmental impact of bitcoin. IEEE Access, 9, 48091-48104.

Bhimani, A., Hausken, K., & Arif, S. (2022). Do national development factors affect cryptocurrency adoption? Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 181, 121739.

Bloomberg, J. (2017). Using bitcoin or other cryptocurrency to commit Crimes? Law enforcement is onto you. Forbes. < https://www.forbes.com/sites/jasonbloomberg/2017/12/28/using-bitcoin-or-other-cryptocurrency-to-commit-crimes-law-enforcement-is-onto-you/?sh=48ce1edf3bdc> Accessed 26.4.2023.

Bojaj, M. M., Muhadinovic, M., Bracanovic, A., Mihailovic, A., Radulovic, M., Jolicic, I., Milosevic, I., & Milacic, V. (2022). Forecasting macroeconomic effects of stablecoin adoption: A Bayesian approach. Economic Modelling, 109, 105792.

Chainalysis (2021). The 2021 global crypto adoption index: Worldwide adoption jumps over 880% with P2P platforms driving cryptocurrency usage in emerging markets. <https://blog.chainalysis.com/reports/2021-global-crypto-adoption-index> Accessed 26.4.2023.

Chainalysis (2022). The 2022 global crypto adoption index: Emerging markets lead in grassroots adoption, China remains active despite ban, and crypto fundamentals appear healthy. <https://blog.chainalysis.com/reports/2022-global-crypto-adoption-index> Accessed 26.4.2023.

Chen, E. R. (2021). Determining the economic impact of cryptocurrency adoption on international trade from a gravity model framework, SocArXiv cefj9, Center for Open Science.

Chohan, U. W. (2021). Decentralized finance (DeFi): An emergent alternative financial architecture.

Critical Blockchain Research Initiative (CBRI) Working Papers.

Conti, M., Kumar, E. S., Lal, C., & Ruj, S. (2018). A survey on security and privacy issues of bitcoin. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 20(4), 3416-3452. doi:10.1109/comst.2018.2842460

Folkinshteyn, D., & Lennon, M. (2016). Braving bitcoin: A technology acceptance model (TAM) analysis. Journal of Information Technology Case and Application Research, 18(4), 220-249. doi:10.1080/15228053.2016.127524

Hileman, G., & Rauchs, M. (2017). 2017 global blockchain benchmarking study. SSRN Electronic Journal. doi:10.2139/ssrn.3040224

Holtfort, T., Horsch, A., & Schwarz, J. (2022). Economic, technological and social drivers of cryptocurrency market evolution and its managerial impact (No.2022/01). Freiberger Arbeitspapiere.

Houben, R., & Snyers, A. (2018). Cryptocurrencies and blockchain: Legal context and implications for financial crime, money laundering and tax evasion. European Parliament. <https://www.europarl.europa.eu/thinktank/en/document/IPOL_STU(2018)619024> Accessed 26.4.2023.

Jariyapan, P., Mattayaphutron, S., Gillani, S. N., & Shafique, O. (2022). Factors influencing the behavioural intention to use cryptocurrency in emerging economies during the COVID-19 pandemic: Based on technology acceptance model 3, perceived risk, and financial literacy. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 5935.

Jena, R. K. (2022). Examining the factors affecting the adoption of blockchain technology in the banking sector: An extended UTAUT model. International Journal of Financial Studies, 10(4), 90.

Li, X., & Wang, C. A. (2017). The technology and economic determinants of cryptocurrency exchange rates: The case of Bitcoin. Decision Support Systems, 95, 49-60. doi:10.1016/j.dss.2016.12.001

Mahmoud, Q. H., Lescisin, M., & AlTaei, M. (2019). Research Challenges and Opportunities in Blockchain and Cryptocurrencies. Internet Technology Letters, 2(2), e93. doi:10.1002/itl2.93

Majid, M. S. A., Marliyah, M., Handayani, R., Fuadi, F., & Afrizal, A. (2022). A study of literature: Cryptocurrency of syariah perspective. International Journal of Economic, Business, Accounting, Agriculture Management and Sharia Administration (IJEBAS), 2(3), 299-308.

Nadeem, M. A., Liu, Z., Pitafi, A. H., Younis, A., & Xu, Y. (2021). Investigating the adoption factors of cryptocurrencies—A case of bitcoin: Empirical evidence from China. SAGE Open, 11(1), 215824402199870. doi:10.1177/2158244021998704

Náñez Alonso, S. L., Jorge-Vázquez, J., Echarte Fernández, M. Á., & Reier Forradellas, R. F. (2021). Cryptocurrency mining from an economic and environmental perspective. Analysis of the most and least sustainable countries. Energies, 14(14), 4254.

Ozili, P. K. (2023). Determinants of interest in eNaira and financial inclusion information in Nigeria: Role of Fintech, cryptocurrency and central bank digital currency. Digital Transformation and Society. https://doi.org/10.1108/DTS-08-2022-0040

Parino, F., Beiró, M. G., & Gauvin, L. (2018). Analysis of the bitcoin blockchain: Socio-economic factors behind the adoption. EPJ Data Science, 7(1). doi:10.1140/epjds/s13688-018-0170-8

Reddick, C. G., Cid, G. P., & Ganapati, S. (2019). Determinants of blockchain adoption in the public sector: An empirical examination. Information Polity, 24(4), 379-396.

Saiedi, E., Broström, A., & Ruiz, F. (2021). Global drivers of cryptocurrency infrastructure adoption. Small Business Economics, 57, 353-406.

Seetharaman, A., Saravanan, A. S., Patwa, N., & Mehta, J. (2017). Impact of Bitcoin as a world currency. Accounting and Finance Research, 6(2), 230. doi:10.5430/afr.v6n2p230

Shahzad, F., Xiu, G., Wang, J., & Shahbaz, M. (2018). An empirical investigation on the adoption of cryptocurrencies among the people of mainland China. Technology in Society, 55, 33-40. doi:10.1016/j.techsoc.2018.05.006 Stark, B. (2013). Is the corporate world ready for bitcoin? Risk Management, 60(7), 6.

Vo, A., Chapman, T. A., & Lee, Y. S. (2021). Examining Bitcoin and Economic Determinants: An Evolutionary Perspective. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 1-15. doi:10.1080/08874417.2020.186585.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

Downloads

Published

25-08-2023

Abstract View

333

PDF Downloaded

209

How to Cite

Hai, N. H., Ngoc, P. T. B., Binh, P. T., & Hiep, L. N. (2023). Factors Affecting the Adoption of Cryptocurrency. VNU University of Economics and Business, 3(4), 1. https://doi.org/10.57110/vnujeb.v3i4.194

Issue

Section

Original Articles